@article{ref1,
title="Avicenna's concept of pain",
journal="Libyan journal of medicine",
year="2010",
author="Tashani, O. A. and Johnson, M. I.",
volume="5",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="Ibn Sina (Latin name - Avicenna, 980-1037) is a famous Muslim physician who wrote  The Canon of Medicine . Pain-related writings within  The Canon  were identified and analysed and compared to Galen and Modern Pain Theory. We found evidence in  The Canon  that Avicenna challenged Galen&rsquo;s concept of pain. Galen insisted that injuries (breach of continuity) were the only cause of pain. In contrast, Avicenna suggested that the true cause of pain was a change of the physical condition (temperament change) of the organ whether there was an injury present or not. Avicenna extended Galen&rsquo;s descriptions of 4 to 15 types of pain and used a terminology that is remarkably similar to that used in the McGill Pain Questionnaire.   Keywords:  Avicenna; Ibn Sina; Galen; McGill pain questionnaire; concept of pain; history of pain medicine<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1993-2820",
doi="10.4314/ljm.v5i1.70639",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljm.v5i1.70639"
}