@article{ref1,
title="Forms of Social Support That Moderate PTSD in Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors",
journal="Journal of family violence",
year="2003",
author="Hyman, Scott M. and Gold, Steven N. and Cott, Melissa A.",
volume="18",
number="5",
pages="295-300",
abstract="Although social support has been found to attenuate psychological symptoms in victims of sexual abuse, literature does not identify the specific forms of social support that mitigate maladjustment following a sexual abuse experience. This study sought to distinguish the specific types of perceived social support that buffer the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). One hundred and seventy-two adult females reporting CSA were administered the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES). The ISEL measures the perceived availability of 4 support types. The IES measures core PTSD symptoms of intrusion and avoidance. Regression analysis indicated that social support significantly buffered PTSD development. The best model was one which contained self-esteem and appraisal support. Tangible and belonging support added little to prediction. Further, self-esteem support was identified as the most important variable in preventing PTSD development.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0885-7482",
doi="10.1023/A:1025117311660",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025117311660"
}