@article{ref1,
title="How voluntariness of apologies affects actual and hypothetical victims' perceptions of the offender",
journal="Journal of social psychology",
year="2012",
author="Jehle, Alayna and Miller, Monica K. and Kemmelmeier, Markus and Maskaly, Jonathan",
volume="152",
number="6",
pages="727-745",
abstract="Apologies are important in social interactions. Study 1 investigated participants' reactions after being insulted by a confederate and receiving no apology, a voluntary apology, a coerced apology with consequences (i.e., explicitly coerced apology), or a coerced apology without consequences (i.e., implicitly coerced apology). Receiving any apology produced more positive perceptions of the offender and less serious recommended punishments than no apology. Study 2 replicated Study 1, except participants read about the insult and imagined being a victim (instead of being an actual victim as in Study 1). Actual victims distinguished between types of apologies while hypothetical victims did not. Results have implications for court-ordered apologies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4545",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}