@article{ref1,
title="Threat modulates perception of looming visual stimuli",
journal="Current biology",
year="2012",
author="Vagnoni, Eleonora and Lourenco, Stella F. and Longo, Matthew R.",
volume="22",
number="19",
pages="R826-7",
abstract="Among the most critical of visual functions is the detection of potentially hazardous or threatening aspects of the environment. For example, objects on a collision course with an observer must be quickly identified to allow sufficient time to prepare appropriate defensive or avoidant responses. Directly approaching objects produce a specific accelerating pattern of optical expansion, known as 'looming, which in theory exactly specifies time-to-collision independent of object size or distance. Such looming stimuli have been shown to trigger stereotyped defensive responses in both monkeys [1] and human infants [2]. Psychophysical results in adult participants have similarly suggested sensitivity to looming at early stages of visual processing [3]. Such findings indicate specialization of the visual system to detect and react to such 'looming' stimuli, and have contributed to the traditional view of looming as a purely optical cue to imminent collision [1]. Here, we investigated whether the semantic content of a looming visual stimulus affects perceived time-to-collision by manipulating its threat value. We show that time-to-collision is underestimated for threatening (snakes and spiders) compared to non-threatening (butterflies and rabbits) stimuli. Further, the magnitude of this effect is correlated with self-reported fear. Our results demonstrate affective modulation of the perception of looming stimuli, and suggest that emotion shapes basic aspects of visual perception.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0960-9822",
doi="10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.053",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.053"
}