@article{ref1,
title="X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the ammonium polyphosphate--polyurethane system used as fire-retardant additive in EVA",
journal="Journal of fire sciences",
year="2003",
author="Duquesne, Sophie and le Bras, Michel and Delobel, René and Camino, Giovanni and Gengembre, Léon",
volume="21",
number="2",
pages="89-115",
abstract="First, the efficiency of a mixture PU/APP as fire retardant in an ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix is investigated. It is shown that the fire performance is sharply improved. Second, the mechanism of fire retardancy of PU/APP is discussed considering the protective surface material, investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that APP contributes to the formation of the intumescent shield creating stable nitrogenated as well as phosphorus compounds via reaction with PU and/or with its degradation products. Such species modifies the mechanical properties of the shield resulting in an improvement of its fire retarding properties.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0734-9041",
doi="10.1177/0734904103021002001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904103021002001"
}