@article{ref1,
title="Exploring binge drinking and drug use among American Indians: data from adolescent focus groups",
journal="American journal of drug and alcohol abuse encompassing all addictive disorders",
year="2012",
author="Tingey, Lauren and Cwik, Mary F. and Goklish, Novalene and Alchesay, Melanie and Lee, Angelita and Strom, Rachel and Suttle, Rosemarie and Walkup, John and Barlow, Allison",
volume="38",
number="5",
pages="409-415",
abstract="Background: Risk factors for binge substance use and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are similar, suggesting the importance of exploring how binge substance use and self-injury interrelate. Objectives: To gain insight from a sample of American Indian (AI) adolescents regarding how binge drinking and drug use function in their lives, including as overlapping forms of self-injury, and to identify community-based ideas for dual prevention strategies. Methods: A total of N = 58 White Mountain Apache (Apache) adolescents participated in ten mixed gender (n = 33 males, 55.9%) focus group discussions. Results were interpreted and categorized by Apache researchers and compared to Nock's behavioral model of NSSI. Results: Participants reported substance use most commonly with &quot;family&quot; and &quot;friends,&quot; &quot;at a house,&quot; or &quot;around the community.&quot; Substance use was not confined to a particular time of day, and often occurred &quot;at school.&quot; Commonly endorsed reasons fell into two main categories: &quot;to avoid problems&quot; or &quot;to reduce negative feelings,&quot; versus &quot;to be cool&quot; or &quot;to feel part of a group.&quot; All adolescents but one thought that some youths use substances excessively as a way to harm/injure themselves (n = 25 responses). Prevention approaches included encouraging healthy relationships, teaching about consequences of use, providing alternative recreation, and changing/enforcing laws on the reservation. Conclusion: Tribal-specific data support the idea that binge substance use sometimes functions as a form of self-injury. Home/school environments are critical prevention settings, in addition to improved law enforcement and increased recreation. Scientific Significance: Understanding possible shared root causes and functions of binge substance use and self-injury may advance integrated prevention approaches.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0095-2990",
doi="10.3109/00952990.2012.705204",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2012.705204"
}