@article{ref1,
title="Negative and competitive social interactions are related to heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity",
journal="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
year="2012",
author="Chiang, Jessica J. and Eisenberger, Naomi I. and Seeman, Teresa E. and Taylor, Shelley E.",
volume="109",
number="6",
pages="1878-1882",
abstract="Research has consistently documented that social relationships influence physical health, a link that may implicate systemic inflammation. We examined whether daily social interactions predict levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) and their reactivity to a social stressor. One-hundred twenty-two healthy young adults completed daily diaries for 8 d that assessed positive, negative, and competitive social interactions. Participants then engaged in laboratory stress challenges, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII were collected at baseline and at 25- and 80-min poststressor, from oral mucosal transudate. Negative social interactions predicted elevated sTNFαRII at baseline, and IL-6 and sTNFαRII 25-min poststressor, as well as total output of sTNFαRII. Competitive social interactions predicted elevated baseline levels of IL-6 and sTNFαRII and total output of both cytokines. These findings suggest that daily social interactions that are negative and competitive are associated prospectively with heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0027-8424",
doi="10.1073/pnas.1120972109",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120972109"
}