@article{ref1,
title="Verbal overshadowing: a sound theory in voice recognition?",
journal="Applied cognitive psychology",
year="2005",
author="Vanags, Thea and Carroll, Marie and Perfect, Timothy J.",
volume="19",
number="9",
pages="1127-1144",
abstract="Verbal overshadowing is the impairment of a person's recognition ability as a result of generating a verbal description. Two experiments involving 169 participants examined the effects of verbal overshadowing, race of voice (own/other) and cognitive style (holistic/analytic) on voice recognition. In Experiment 1, participants heard a recorded voice (own- or other-race) saying a short phrase. After completing a cognitive style analysis and 15-minute filler task, the verbalisation group gave a written description of the voice while the control group did a filler task. Participants then attempted to identify the voice from a 6-voice lineup tape. Experiment 2 manipulated the similarity of the own-race voices by using telephone recordings of the voices, and the encoding-test similarities of the stimuli by using different phrases at encoding and test. Results showed a strong own-race bias with superior own-race voice recognition and no verbal overshadowing in Experiment 1, and a strong verbal overshadowing effect in Experiment 2. Cognitive style was predictive of voice identification in both experiments. Results are discussed with reference to the own-race bias, cognitive style and encoding-test similarity of the stimulus in verbal overshadowing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0888-4080",
doi="10.1002/acp.1160",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1160"
}