@article{ref1,
title="Weightlifting's Risky New Trend: A Case Series of 41 Insulin Users",
journal="Current sports medicine reports",
year="2012",
author="Ip, Eric J. and Barnett, Mitchell J. and Tenerowicz, Michael J. and Perry, Paul J.",
volume="11",
number="4",
pages="176-179",
abstract="Use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) is common among strength-trained individuals, and a growing concern is the misuse of insulin. A 99-item Internet-based survey was posted on discussion boards of various fitness, bodybuilding, weightlifting, and anabolic steroid Web sites between February and June 2009. A case series of 41 nondiabetic insulin users is described. The typical insulin user was 30.7 ± 9.2 years old, male (97.6%), and Caucasian/white (86.8%) who classified himself as a &quot;recreational exerciser&quot; (47.5%). The average insulin user also used anabolic steroids (95.1%) and practiced polypharmacy by incorporating 16.2 ± 5.6 PEDs in his or her yearly routine. Hypoglycemia was reported by most of the subjects (56.8%), and one individual reported unconsciousness. Insulin was obtained most commonly from local sources (e.g., friends, training partners, gym member/dealer; 40.5%) and community pharmacies (37.8%), with most (80.6%) finding it &quot;easy&quot; to acquire their insulin. Strategies aimed to prevent insulin misuse are needed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1537-890X",
doi="10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825da97f",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825da97f"
}