@article{ref1,
title="The cognitive specificity of learned helplessness and depression deficits: The role of self-focused cognitions",
journal="Anxiety research",
year="1991",
author="Mikulincer, Mario and Glaubman, Hananyah and Ben-artzi, Elisheva and Grossman, Simona",
volume="3",
number="4",
pages="273-290",
abstract="Abstract Four experiments assessed similarities and differences in learned helplessness and depression-related deficits in cognitive performance and self-focused cognitions. Subjects answered the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), were exposed to no-feedback or failure in unsolvable problems, and their response time in a digit comparison task (with or without a memory component, with different number of digits, and different number of mental transformations) and self-focused cognitions were assessed. Learned helplessness and depression deficits were found in a memory task, and the deficits increased with the number of digits. Depression deficits also increased with the number of transformations, and were also found in the no-memory/two transformation condition. Finally, task-related worries were related to learned helplessness deficits, and task-irrelevant thoughts were related to depression deficits. Findings were discussed in terms of the cognitive specificity of learned helplessness and depression deficits.<p />",
language="",
issn="0891-7779",
doi="10.1080/08917779108248757",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08917779108248757"
}