@article{ref1,
title="Elementary school children's rough-and-tumble play",
journal="Early childhood research quarterly",
year="1989",
author="Pellegrini, A.D.",
volume="4",
number="2",
pages="245-260",
abstract="The intent of this study was to describe elementary school children's rough-and-tumble play (R&amp;T) vis-à-vis aggression, and to provide exploratory data on the functional significance of R&amp;T. Children in grades K, 2, and 4 were observed during their playground school recess periods. Results suggested that the incidence of R&amp;T varied according to the sex of the child and playground location; it accounted for 11% of children's play behaviors. Aggression rarely occurred (0.3%) and did not vary by age, sex, or playground location. These descriptive results are discussed in terms of providing ecologically valid data on children's R&amp;T vis-à-vis aggression. R&amp;T was also found to lead to games-with-rules and to be positively correlated, for boys, with measures of social competence. These functional results are discussed in terms of the social skills function of R&amp;T.<p />",
language="",
issn="0885-2006",
doi="10.1016/S0885-2006(89)80006-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(89)80006-7"
}