@article{ref1,
title="An Improved γ-Analysis Method for Process Security Analysis",
journal="Process safety and environmental protection",
year="2006",
author="Uygun, K. and Huang, Y. and Lou, H.H.",
volume="84",
number="2",
pages="92-100",
abstract="Process security is a newly pronounced issue facing the chemical process industry in the post 11 September era. Traditional safety is no longer sufficient for a chemical plant; it must also be secure. However, systematic and effective quantitative methodologies for process security analysis are necessary. To address this issue, the γ-analysis method was introduced very recently by Uygun et al. (2003) as a process security analysis framework. By that method, a process security problem need be formulated as a minimum-time (to reach disaster) control problem. The method combines Pontryagin's minimum principle (with some modifications) with a discretization scheme to transform the security problem from a single dynamic-optimization problem to multiple static optimization problems, hence solving the process security problem without extensive system simulations.In this work, an improved γ-analysis method is introduced, which is featured by its first-order approximation to the time derivative function of a system model, as compared to the zero-order approximation during model discretization in the original implementation. This improvement can significantly reduce the number of optimization problems needed, thereby reducing computational requirements in on-line application. A reaction runaway example is studied to demonstrate the efficacy of the improved method, demonstrating that a 10-fold reduction in computational load can be achieved.<p />",
language="",
issn="0957-5820",
doi="10.1205/psep.04075",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/psep.04075"
}