@article{ref1,
title="Geophysical Monitoring of Simulated Clandestine Graves Using Electrical and Ground-Penetrating Radar Methods: 0-3 Years After Burial",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2012",
author="Pringle, Jamie K. and Jervis, John R. and Hansen, James D. and Jones, Glenda M. and Cassidy, Nigel J. and Cassella, John P.",
volume="57",
number="6",
pages="1467-1486",
abstract="This study provides forensic search teams with systematic geophysical monitoring data over simulated clandestine graves for comparison to active cases. Simulated &quot;wrapped&quot; and &quot;naked&quot; burials were created. Multigeophysical surveys were collected over a 3-year monitoring period. Bulk ground resistivity, electrical resistivity imaging, multifrequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and grave and background &quot;soil-water&quot; conductivity data were collected. Resistivity surveys revealed the naked burial had consistently low-resistivity anomalies, whereas the wrapped burial had small, varying high-resistivity anomalies. GPR 110- to 900-MHz frequency surveys showed the wrapped burial could be detected throughout, with the &quot;naked&quot; burial mostly resolved. Two hundred and twenty-five megahertz frequency GPR data were optimal. &quot;Soil-water&quot; analyses showed rapidly increasing (year 1), slowly increasing (year 2), and decreasing (year 3) conductivity values. Results suggest resistivity and GPR surveys should be collected if target &quot;wrapping&quot; is unknown, with winter to spring surveys optimal. Resistivity surveys should be collected in clay-rich soils.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02151.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02151.x"
}