@article{ref1,
title="Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgendered Individuals in Karnataka, India",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2012",
author="Shaw, Souradet Y. and Lorway, Robert R. and Deering, Kathleen N. and Avery, Lisa and Mohan, H. L. and Bhattacharjee, Parinita and Reza-Paul, Sushena and Isac, Shajy and Ramesh, Banadakoppa M. and Washington, Reynold and Moses, Stephen and Blanchard, James F.",
volume="7",
number="3",
pages="e31705-e31705",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of information on sexual violence (SV) among men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals (MSM-T) in southern India. As SV has been associated with HIV vulnerability, this study examined health related behaviours and practices associated with SV among MSM-T. DESIGN: Data were from cross-sectional surveys from four districts in Karnataka, India. METHODS: Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine factors related to SV. Multivariable negative binomial regression models examined the association between physician visits and SV. RESULTS: A total of 543 MSM-T were included in the study. Prevalence of SV was 18% in the past year. HIV prevalence among those reporting SV was 20%, compared to 12% among those not reporting SV (p = .104). In multivariable models, and among sex workers, those reporting SV were more likely to report anal sex with 5+ casual sex partners in the past week (AOR: 4.1; 95%CI: 1.2-14.3, p = .029). Increased physician visits among those reporting SV was reported only for those involved in sex work (ARR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1-2.7, p = .012). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate high levels of SV among MSM-T populations, highlighting the importance of integrating interventions to reduce violence as part of HIV prevention programs and health services.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0031705",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031705"
}