@article{ref1,
title="Impairments in daily functioning after heavy and extreme episodic drinking in university students",
journal="Drug and alcohol review",
year="2012",
author="Polak, Maria A. and Conner, Tamlin S.",
volume="31",
number="6",
pages="763-769",
abstract="Introduction and Aim. Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major public health issue in university students. The dangers of heavy drinking are well known, with both acute and long-term consequences; however, there is limited information on patterns of extreme drinking (twice over the recommended threshold for low-risk drinking), and the differential effects of heavy versus extreme drinking on immediate consequent functioning in daily life. The current study investigated drinking patterns in a sample of university students and the association of different levels of alcohol consumption with self-reported physical, cognitive and emotional function the day after the drinking episode. Design and Methods. Data for this study were collected from a sample of 281 University of Otago students using a 21 day Internet-based daily diary. Participants reported on their drinking the previous night and their physical, cognitive and emotional functioning on that day. Results. Participants reported drinking on 26.8% days overall and consuming an average of 7.2 standard drinks per occasion. Only heavy drinking (7+standard drinks for men, 5+standard drinks for women) and particularly extreme drinking (14+for men, 10+for women) predicted significant decreases in physical and cognitive functioning the next day. However, low-risk drinking (≤ 6 drinks for men,≤ 4 for women) was not associated with next-day impairment. Discussion and Conclusions. Findings suggest that there are adverse, intermediate consequences of excessive drinking on dimensions relevant to students' lives. Drinking within low-risk guidelines is recommended.[Polak MA, Conner TS. Impairments in daily functioning after heavy and extreme episodic drinking in university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012].<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-5236",
doi="10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00429.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00429.x"
}