@article{ref1,
title="Effect of lowered temperature on the toxicity of sulphur mustard in vitro and in vivo",
journal="Toxicology",
year="1999",
author="Sawyer, T. W. and Risk, D.",
volume="134",
number="1",
pages="27-37",
abstract="Primary cultures of chick embryo neurons were exposed to sulphur mustard (HD) and L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and then incubated at either 25 or 37 degrees C. Lowering the temperature of the cultures decreased the 24-h toxicity of HD, but did not increase the efficacy of L-NAME protection. However, the length of time post-HD treatment in which L-NAME was maximally effective in protecting against HD toxicity was dramatically enhanced, out to 12 h after HD exposure. In addition, the persistence of L-NAME protection of the cells against HD was significantly lengthened. Tests conducted in human skin keratinocytes also showed that lowering the incubation temperature of actively proliferating, just-confluent or post-confluent cultures significantly and persistently decreased the cytotoxicity of HD. The persistence of L-NAME protection was increased in non-proliferating cells. Finally, cooling of HD-vapour exposed sites on hairless guinea pigs for 4.5 h decreased the severity of the resultant lesions out to 72 h post-exposure.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0300-483X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}