@article{ref1,
title="Further Investigations into the Speed of Cerebral Swelling Following Blunt Cranial Trauma",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2012",
author="Byard, Roger W. and Gabrielian, Levon and Helps, Stephen C. and Thornton, Emma and Vink, Robert",
volume="57",
number="4",
pages="973-975",
abstract="An anesthetized sheep model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been developed to assess early changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) following closed head injury. Immediately after TBI, a transient (<10 min) hypertensive response occurred, followed by significant and prolonged systemic hypotension. ICP demonstrated a biphasic response, being seven times baseline values of 8 ± 2 mm Hg 10 min after injury, decreasing to 25 ± 2 mm Hg by 30 min, and then increasing to values exceeding 30 mm Hg by 4 h postinjury. ICP was always significantly higher than baseline values, which combined with hypotension, reduced cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60% of normal. This early and sustained increase in ICP after craniocerebral trauma acutely alters cerebral perfusion pressure and brain oxygenation and provides a potential pathophysiological explanation for immediate clinical manifestations in humans following significant TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02109.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02109.x"
}