@article{ref1,
title="Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness in Suicide Notes",
journal="Crisis",
year="2012",
author="Gunn, John F. and Lester, David and Haines, Janet and Williams, Christopher L.",
volume="33",
number="3",
pages="178-181",
abstract="Background: Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide postulates that suicide occurs because of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, combined with a capability for committing suicide. Aims: The present study examines the frequency of the presence of the themes of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in suicide notes. Methods: A total of 261 suicide notes from 1091 consecutive completed suicides in Tasmania were rated for the presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Results: Contrary to the theory, few suicide notes were found to include perceived burdensomeness (10.3%) and thwarted belongingness (30.7%), and only 4.2% had both themes. The notes of women more often contained the theme of perceived burdensomeness, while the notes of younger suicides more often contained the theme of thwarted belongingness. Conclusions: Joiner's theory of suicide may apply to only a small percentage of suicides who leave suicide notes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0227-5910",
doi="10.1027/0227-5910/a000123",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000123"
}