@article{ref1,
title="Validity of a Pediatric Version of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended",
journal="Journal of neurotrauma",
year="2012",
author="Beers, Sue R. and Wisniewski, Steven R. and Garcia-Filion, Pamela and Tian, Ye and Hahner, Thomas and Berger, Rachel P. and Bell, Michael J. and Adelson, P. David",
volume="29",
number="6",
pages="1126-1139",
abstract="The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and its most recent revision, the GOS-Extended (GOS-E), provide the gold standard for measuring traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome. The GOS-E, exhibits validity when used with adults and some adolescents but validity with younger children is not established. Because the GOS-E lacks the developmental specificity necessary to evaluate children, toddlers, and infants, we modified the original version to create the GOS-E Pediatric revision (GOS-E Peds), a developmentally appropriate structured interview, to classify younger patients. The criterion, predictive, and discriminant validity of the GOS-E Peds was measured in 159 subjects following TBI (Mild: 36%; Moderate: 12%; Severe: 50%) at 3 and 6 mos after injury. Participants were included from two studies completed at the Pediatric Neurotrauma Center at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. We assessed the relationship between GOS-E Peds and the GOS and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales as well as other standardized measures of functional, behavioral, intellectual, and neuropsychological outcome. Premorbid function was assessed 24 - 36 hrs after injury. The GOS-E Peds showed a strong correlation with the GOS at 3- and 6-mo time points. Criterion-related validity was also indicated by GOS-E Peds' association with most measures at both time points and at injury severity levels. The 3-mo GOS-E Peds was associated with the 6-mo GOS-E Peds, everyday function, behavior, and most cognitive abilities. Discriminant validity is suggested by weak correlations between both 3- and 6-mo GOS-E Peds and premorbid measures. The GOS-E Peds is sensitive to severity of injury and associated with changes in TBI sequelae over time. This pediatric revision provides a valid outcome measure in infants, toddlers, and children through age 16. Findings support using the GOS-E Peds as the primary outcome variable in pediatric clinical trials.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-7151",
doi="10.1089/neu.2011.2272",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.2272"
}