@article{ref1,
title="Empirical Evidence of the Validity of the Spanish Version of the Pain Vigilance Awareness Questionnaire",
journal="International journal of behavioral medicine",
year="2013",
author="Esteve, R. and Ramírez-Maestre, Carman and López-Martínez, A. E.",
volume="20",
number="1",
pages="59-68",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The Spanish version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire has not been validated. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to examine the factor structure of the Spanish version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire and present empirical evidence regarding its validity. METHOD: A sample of 468 chronic back pain patients completed a battery of instruments to assess fear-avoidance beliefs, pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain vigilance and awareness, pain acceptance, depression, anxiety, disability, and pain intensity. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of a nine-item version with two subscales: Active Vigilance and Passive Awareness. Both subscales and the total score were positively and significantly correlated with other fear-related constructs: fear-avoidance beliefs, pain anxiety, and pain catastrophizing. Regression analyses showed that Active Vigilance and the two subscales of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire were significantly associated with higher anxiety and that the Acceptance Activity Engagement subscale was significantly associated with lower anxiety. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Physical subscale was associated with higher disability and the Acceptance Pain Willingness subscale was associated with lower disability. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Work subscale was significantly associated with higher pain intensity and depression; the Acceptance Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness subscales were significantly associated with lower pain intensity and depression. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument. Pain Acceptance and Fear Avoidance beliefs are better predictors of adjustment to pain than pain hypervigilance.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1070-5503",
doi="10.1007/s12529-011-9216-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9216-z"
}