@article{ref1,
title="Participation in clubs and groups from childhood to adolescence and its effects on attachment and self-esteem",
journal="Journal of Adolescence",
year="2006",
author="McGee, Rob and Williams, Sheila and Howden-Chapman, Philippa and Martin, Jennifer and Kawachi, Ichiro",
volume="29",
number="1",
pages="1-17",
abstract="We examined social participation in organized clubs and groups from childhood to adolescence in a sample of young people from Dunedin, New Zealand. Groups were broadly categorized as &quot;sports&quot; and &quot;cultural/youth&quot; groups. While the results indicated high levels of participation in childhood with a decline over the ensuing adolescent years, path analyses suggested strong continuities in participation over time. Both family &quot;active-recreational&quot; orientation (ARO) and &quot;intellectual-cultural&quot; orientation (ICO) predicted participation, and mediated the effects of disadvantage on participation. Participation was significantly related to adolescent attachment to parents, friends and school/workplace, as well as self-perceived strengths, after controlling for early family disadvantage and social support, peer attachment and literacy. The effect of participation in adolescence is to widen the &quot;social convoy&quot; to which young people are exposed as well as strengthening relationships within that convoy.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0140-1971",
doi="10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.003"
}