@article{ref1,
title="Smoking and hip fracture; a study of 3617 cases",
journal="Injury",
year="2006",
author="Johnston, P. and Gurusamy, K. S. and Parker, M. J.",
volume="37",
number="2",
pages="152-156",
abstract="We analysed the characteristics and outcome for 467 hip fracture patients, who reported that they were currently smoking at the time of admission, against 3150 non-smoking hip fracture patients. Those patients who smoked were younger (72 years versus 81 years mean age), more likely to be male (35.3% versus 19.5%), more mobile and less likely to be living in institutional care (7.5% versus 25.0%). Preoperative outcomes and complication rates were similar, despite the smokers' relative youth. Mortality at 30 days was similar for the two groups (6.2% versus 7.6%), but lower for the smokers at one year (22.7% versus 27.6%). However, with adjustment for the younger age and sex of these patients, this difference in mortality was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that smoking results in hip fracture occurring at a younger age. Despite this, the outcome for smokers was similar to that for the average hip fracture patient.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-1383",
doi="10.1016/j.injury.2005.08.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2005.08.001"
}