@article{ref1,
title="The relationship between gender, depression, and self-esteem in children who have witnessed domestic violence",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2001",
author="Reynolds, M. W. and Wallace, J. and Hill, T. F. and Weist, Mark D. and Nabors, Laura A.",
volume="25",
number="9",
pages="1201-1206",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are measurable gender differences in self-esteem and depression in elementary school-age children who have witnessed domestic violence. METHOD: Forty-five elementary school-age children who were identified as having witnessed domestic violence, and their teachers were surveyed for self-esteem, depression, and classroom behaviors. The results were compared between males and females using linear regression modeling. RESULTS: No significant gender differences were found for self-esteem and depression. An interaction between gender and post-traumatic stress was found to play a significant role in the interpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that higher levels of symptoms indicative of post-traumatic stress were associated with greater numbers of depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem for boys who had witnessed domestic violence. The results appeared similar to previous work with children and their emotional reactions to divorce.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}