@article{ref1,
title="Simultaneous Measurement of Time and Risk Preferences: Stated Preference Discrete Choice Modeling Analysis Depending on Smoking Behavior",
journal="International economic review",
year="2009",
author="Ida, Takanori and Goto, Rei",
volume="50",
number="4",
pages="1169-1182",
abstract="Measuring time and risk preferences and relating them to economic behaviors are important topics in behavioral economics. We developed a new method to simultaneously measure the rate of time preference and the coefficient of risk aversion. Analyzing the individual-level relationships between preference parameters and cigarette smoking, we conclude that current smokers are more impatient and risk-prone than nonsmokers. Heavy smokers are the most impatient and risk-prone, whereas ex-smokers are the most patient and risk-averse. Among nonsmokers, neither age-related nor gender-related differences were found. On the other hand, risk and time preferences are significantly different according to age and gender for smokers.<p />",
language="",
issn="0020-6598",
doi="10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00564.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00564.x"
}