@article{ref1,
title="The right side? Under time pressure, approach motivation leads to right-oriented bias",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2011",
author="Roskes, Marieke and Sligte, Daniel and Shalvi, Shaul and De Dreu, Carsten K. W.",
volume="22",
number="11",
pages="1403-1407",
abstract="Approach motivation, a focus on achieving positive outcomes, is related to relative left-hemispheric brain activation, which translates to a variety of right-oriented behavioral biases. In two studies, we found that approach-motivated individuals display a right-oriented bias, but only when they are forced to act quickly. In a task in which they had to divide lines into two equal parts, approach-motivated individuals bisected the line at a point farther to the right than avoidance-motivated individuals did, but only when they worked under high time pressure. In our analysis of all Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup penalty shoot-outs, we found that goalkeepers were two times more likely to dive to the right than to the left when their team was behind, a situation that we conjecture induces approach motivation. Because penalty takers shot toward the two sides of the goal equally often, the goalkeepers' right-oriented bias was dysfunctional, allowing more goals to be scored. Directional biases may facilitate group coordination but prove maladaptive in individual settings and interpersonal competition.  Keywords: Soccer<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="10.1177/0956797611418677",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418677"
}