@article{ref1,
title="Impalement and anorectal injuries in childhood: a retrospective study of 12 cases",
journal="Journal of pediatric surgery",
year="1998",
author="Beiler, H. A. and Zachariou, Zacharias and Daum, R.",
volume="33",
number="8",
pages="1287-1291",
abstract="BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Because of the small numbers of impalement and anorectal injuries in childhood, a standardized therapeutic approach is necessary to avoid major complications. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of 12 children with such injuries treated from 1986 to 1996 in our department, the authors tried to establish guidelines for their treatment. METHODS: Additional therapeutic problems and main complications are elucidated after meticulous analysis of three selected cases. RESULTS: In two cases of anorectal impalement and a primary colostomy, no complications occurred. However, in three cases involving anorectal injury a primary fecal diversion was not performed, making a secondary colostomy necessary afterwound infection. CONCLUSIONS: The current standard principles in the treatment of severe anorectal injuries in children are fecal diversion, wound drainage, and broad spectrum antibiotics. A primary reconstruction in cases of impalement can be recommended only after exclusion of anorectal injury.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3468",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}