@article{ref1,
title="Who are "street children?" A hierarchy of street use and appropriate responses",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="1993",
author="Williams, C.",
volume="17",
number="6",
pages="831-841",
abstract="&quot;Street children&quot; have come to public attention again as they did in the guise of the &quot;street Arabs,&quot; &quot;blackguards,&quot; and &quot;war-vagrants&quot; at periods of European history. Is this classification useful when considering education/welfare policy, or does it artificially mark a group for special attention in a manner that is misleading? There are two perspectives: (a) that this classification is imperfect, which leads to incorrect intervention; or (b) that unclassified can mean unrecognized and that labels are a prerequisite of motivating a response. From a comparative analysis, this paper proposes a working compromise based on a hierarchy of street use, from minimal to total dependency on the streets. Four overlapping levels are discussed: (a) beneficial street use; (b) an &quot;assumed adult&quot; status; (c) those who suffer school exclusion; and (d) a state of &quot;degenerative estrangement.&quot; The aim of the hierarchy is to demonstrate the need for different types of education/welfare intervention at different levels. Intervention needs to emphasize three types of change: (a) in awareness of street life for those making little use of the streets; (b) in the capabilities of those using the street as a major resource; and (c) of the condition of those totally dependent on the street environment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}