@article{ref1,
title="The vertical force of bulk solids on objects in bins",
journal="Powder technology",
year="1975",
author="Tsunakawa, Hiroshi and Aoki, Ryuichi",
volume="11",
number="3",
pages="237-243",
abstract="The vertical force exerted on discs, spheres and horizontal square bars in test bins was measured during gravity flow of bulk solids. Approximate methods for estimating the vertical force on such objects were developed from the equation which expressed the stress in a conical mass flow hopper. With three adjustable parameters, good agreement was obtained between experimental and computed results for discs, provided the disc diameter was more that five times as large as the particle diameter. Identical parameters for a given material were found to be applicable in analyses for spheres and horizontal square bars.<p />",
language="",
issn="0032-5910",
doi="10.1016/0032-5910(75)80050-7",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(75)80050-7"
}