@article{ref1,
title=""Johnny Poppers": a cause of serious ocular injury",
journal="British journal of ophthalmology",
year="1998",
author="MacAndie, K. and Kyle, P.",
volume="82",
number="7",
pages="807-809",
abstract="AIMS/BACKGROUND: The causes of blunt ocular trauma are many and diverse. We present two cases of ocular injury caused by an unusual form of weapon called a &quot;Johnny Popper&quot;. There follows a theoretical and experimental evaluation of the velocity of the projectiles fired by this device. METHODS: A Johnny Popper was constructed under expert guidance. The elastic properties of the device were measured and this allowed calculation of a theoretical exit velocity of the projectiles fired. The weapon was subsequently fired under test conditions which permitted the exit velocity of the projectiles fired to be measured directly. RESULTS: The theoretical velocity of the projectiles was calculated as 80 ms-1 and the experimentally measured velocity was 57 ms-1. CONCLUSIONS: Johnny Poppers are a previously undescribed and unique form of home made weapon. They are intended for playful mischief, but have the potential to cause serious ocular trauma.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1161",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}