@article{ref1,
title="Effects of map orientation during learning on airport identification",
journal="Aviation, space, and environmental medicine",
year="1998",
author="Mealey, J. B. and Cohen, M. M. and Jordan, K.",
volume="69",
number="2",
pages="104-110",
abstract="BACKGROUND: If an observer first learns to recognize an object in a specific orientation, a significant increase in processing time usually occurs when the object is subsequently seen in a different orientation; this phenomenon is called the &quot;misorientation effect.&quot; The present study examines how quickly and how accurately human observers discriminate between airport maps that are viewed in orientations other than those in which they were initially learned. METHOD: Participants were trained to discriminate between two navigation maps that were seen in only one orientation; they subsequently were tested with maps and aerial photographs of the same airports that were presented in various orientations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were three principal findings: a) discriminative responses to maps of airports were most rapid when the maps were seen in the same orientation as that in which they were initially learned; b) a significant reduction in reaction time (RT) occurred with repeated presentations of the misoriented stimuli; and c) information learned from navigation maps was not sufficient for all observers to recognize aerial photographs of the same airports.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0095-6562",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}