@article{ref1,
title="The effect of competition on heart rate during kart driving: A field study",
journal="BMC research notes",
year="2011",
author="Matsumura, Kenta and Yamakoshi, Takehiro and Yamakoshi, Yasuhiro and Rolfe, Peter",
volume="4",
number="1",
pages="342-342",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Both the act of competing, which can create a kind of mental stress, and participation in motor sports, which induces physical stress from intense g-forces, are known to increase heart rate dramatically. However, little is known about the specific effect of competition on heart rate during motor sports, particularly during four-wheel car driving. The goal of this preliminary study, therefore, was to investigate whether competition increases heart rate under such situations. FINDINGS: The participants drove an entry-level formula kart during two competitive races and during solo driving against the clock while heart rate and g-forces were measured. Analyses showed that heart rate values during the races (168.8 beats/min) were significantly higher than those during solo driving (140.9 beats/min) and rest (75.1 beats/min). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study indicate that competition heightens heart rate during four-wheel car driving. Kart drivers should be concerned about maintaining good health and developing physical strength.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1756-0500",
doi="10.1186/1756-0500-4-342",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-342"
}