@article{ref1,
title="Effects and side effects of DRO as treatment for self-injurious behavior",
journal="Journal of applied behavior analysis",
year="1990",
author="Cowdery, G. E. and Iwata, B. A. and Pace, G. M.",
volume="23",
number="4",
pages="497-506",
abstract="A three-part controlled case study is presented in which severe and longstanding self-injurious behavior exhibited by a 9-year-old-boy was treated successfully with differential reinforcement of other behavior. In Phase 1, an experimental analysis demonstrated that the boy's scratching was not maintained by environmental contingencies; instead, it appeared that the self-injurious behavior was a stereotypic (automatically reinforced) response. In Phase 2, the effects of an escalating differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule mediated through token reinforcement (pennies) were evaluated in a reversal design. Results showed that differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior eliminated self-injurious behavior very quickly and for periods of time as long as 30 min. A noteworthy side effect observed during Phase 2 was the occurrence of crying behavior following the nondelivery of reinforcement. In Phase 3, the token program was gradually extended in 30-min increments throughout the day. Additionally, results of a brief multielement manipulation showed that the effects of token reinforcement were superior to those of a more easily administered differential reinforcement of other behavior based on social reinforcement, which differed little from baseline.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-8855",
doi="10.1901/jaba.1990.23-497",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1990.23-497"
}