@article{ref1,
title="Head-injured adult patients with GCS of 3 on admission--who have a chance to survive?",
journal="Acta neurochirurgica",
year="1995",
author="Kotwica, Z. and Jakubowski, J. K.",
volume="133",
number="1-2",
pages="56-59",
abstract="The authors analysed a series of 111 adult patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lódź directly after trauma with initial GCS of 3 points. 74% of them had intracranial haematoma, mainly subdural, and were treated surgically within the first 3 hours after trauma. 8 patients had no abnormalities on CT scans. 99 (89%) patients died 2 to 30 days after injury, 8 (7%) survived in a vegetative state, and only in 4 (4%) was a satisfactory result noted, but 2 of them had a stable neurological deficit. 3 of these 4 patients had epidural haematomas and 1 had not abnormalities on repeated CT examinations. We conclude, that among patients with GCS of 3 on admission, only those without major CT abnormalities or with epidural haematoma have a chance of survival. Cases with cerebral lesions on the initial CT examination have an invariably bad prognosis. They could be taken into account as a potential organ donor from the very moment of admission, but only after cerebral circulatory arrest occurred and brain death has been proved according to internationally accepted standards.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-6268",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}