@article{ref1,
title="The Relationship Between Early-Phase Substance-Use Trajectories and Drug Court Outcomes",
journal="Criminal justice and behavior",
year="2011",
author="Jones, Craig G. A. and Kemp, Richard I.",
volume="38",
number="9",
pages="913-933",
abstract="This study sought to identify patterns of substance use among 1,019 participants of the New South Wales Drug Court program (Sydney, Australia) between 2003 and 2009. Group-based trajectory modeling identified five groups of participants: compliant participants (24.4%), who had a near-zero probability of returning a positive urine test at each occasion; responding participants (25.3%), for whom the probability of returning a positive test decreased; relapsing participants (14.1%), for whom the probability of returning a positive test increased; mid-level chronic participants (26.0%), who had a one in two chance of returning a positive test at each episode; and a high-level chronic group (10.2%), who had a very high probability of returning a positive test at each episode. Group membership probability was found to be a good predictor of treatment and criminal justice outcomes. The challenge for future research is to identify the characteristics that explain these early-phase substance use trajectories.<p />",
language="",
issn="0093-8548",
doi="10.1177/0093854811411887",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811411887"
}