@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol dependence, disinhibited behavior and variation in the prodynorphin gene",
journal="Biological psychology",
year="2011",
author="Flory, Janine D. and Pytte, Carolyn L. and Hurd, Yasmin and Ferrell, Robert E. and Manuck, Stephen B.",
volume="88",
number="1",
pages="51-56",
abstract="The results of the current analyses present preliminary evidence of an association between putatively functional variation in the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene and a dimensional measure of disinhibited behavior. A 68bp sequence in the core promoter region of the PDYN gene was genotyped in a community sample of 1021 adults aged 30-54. Participants were interviewed for lifetime history of DSM-IV alcohol dependence and completed two self-report measures of sensation seeking and impulsiveness. Fifteen percent (n=151) of the sample met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and while results did not support an association between the PDYN polymorphism and the diagnosis of alcohol dependence, we did observe an association between the &quot;low&quot; expressing L allele of the PDYN gene and a preference for engaging in disinhibited behavior. Additionally, people who had both a history of alcohol dependence and higher scores on this Disinhibited Behavior scale were most likely to carry an L allele. These results indicate that variation in the PDYN gene is associated with a dimensional trait or intermediate phenotype that reflects a preference for heavy drinking and engaging in related risky behaviors (e.g., drug use, sexual activity).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0301-0511",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.007"
}