@article{ref1,
title="A prospective study of self-esteem and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood: evidence for gender differences",
journal="Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research",
year="1996",
author="Walitzer, K. S. and Sher, K. J.",
volume="20",
number="6",
pages="1118-1124",
abstract="The relations among gender, self-esteem, and DSM-III alcohol use disorder diagnoses were examined in a sample of 217 men and 240 women evaluated at four annual assessments over the college years. The results support clinical observations that low self-esteem plays a particularly important etiological role in alcohol problems in women relative to men. Women who had an alcohol use disorder during years 3 and/or 4 showed relatively low levels of self-esteem throughout the study period. Furthermore, the study provides clear evidence for prospective prediction from year 1 self-esteem to year 4 alcohol use disorder diagnosis for women, but not for men. There was minimal evidence to suggest that alcohol use predicts later self-esteem.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-6008",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}