@article{ref1,
title="Depressive features in Holocaust survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder",
journal="Journal of Traumatic Stress",
year="1994",
author="Yehuda, Rachel and Kahana, B. and Southwick, S. M. and Giller, E. L.",
volume="7",
number="4",
pages="699-704",
abstract="The present study was designed to explore several aspects of depressive phenomenology, including current symptoms, dependency (anaclitic) and self-criticism (introjective) themes, and issues of self-efficacy, in Holocaust survivors with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Depressive Subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) were administered to 23 Holocaust survivors and 18 demographically-matched controls. Holocaust survivors with PTSD scored significantly higher on the SCL-90 depression scale, and portrayed more self-criticism on the DEQ, than Holocaust survivors without PTSD and demographically-matched non-exposed subjects. The data suggest that depressive symptoms in individuals who have been severely traumatized are more severe when associated with a concurrent PTSD. Furthermore, groups suffering different types of trauma may show similarities in psychological dimensions of depression.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0894-9867",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}