@article{ref1,
title="Undoing Sexual Objectification in the Japanese Socio‐Juridical Context: The Human‐Rights‐Oriented Transmutation of the Conception of “Obscene” Material",
journal="International journal of Japanese sociology",
year="2008",
author="Shibata, Tomo",
volume="17",
number="1",
pages="114-128",
abstract="Abstract: This article argues that in the socio-psychic phenomenon of the sexual objectification of girls and women manufactured by certain media and the majority of conventionally so-called pornography, woman is represented, perceived, and treated as a sexually materialized object ready to be exploited exclusively as a means to produce sexual gratification, but not at all as an end in herself, i.e. a human subject with her own sexual will and human dignity. The article exposes the social role of sexually objectifying merchandise in rendering the viewer's sexuality compulsive and addictive, and in producing the viewer's psychic desire for sexual violence especially against those who are most vulnerable (such as children, women who were sexually abused as children, women with intellectual disabilities, etc.) by referring to a number of sociological data and actual evidences collected in Japan and North America. As an alternative modality of sexuality, the article proposes sexual intersubjectivity. In light of sexual objectification, this article qualitatively analyzes and criticizes the conventional definition of “obscene” material, which revolve around discipline and order, and that of “pornography”, and proposes the human-rights/equality-oriented transmutation of the conception of obscene material. The article argues that merchandise which produces the desire for sexual violence is disqualified as a concretion of the freedom of expression. This article then attempts to examine the constitutionality (referring specifically to the freedom of expression) of Japanese Obscenity Law by delineating the precise criteria of judgment for obscenity itself and the very method of its enforcement.<p />",
language="",
issn="0918-7545",
doi="10.1111/j.1475-6781.2008.00115.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2008.00115.x"
}