@article{ref1,
title="The Developmental Costs of High Self‐Esteem for Antisocial Children",
journal="Child development",
year="2007",
author="Menon, Madhavi and Tobin, Desiree D. and Corby, Brooke C. and Menon, Meenakshi and Hodges, Ernest V. E. and Perry, David G.",
volume="78",
number="6",
pages="1627-1639",
abstract="Two hypotheses—high self-esteem leads children to act on antisocial cognitions (disposition-activating hypothesis) and high self-esteem leads children to rationalize antisocial conduct (disposition-rationalizing hypothesis)—were investigated in two longitudinal studies. In Study 1 (N= 189; mean age = 11.1 years), antisocial behavior was aggression; in Study 2 (N= 407; mean age = 10.8 years) it was avoidance of the mother. In both studies, there was little evidence for the disposition-activating hypothesis but considerable support for the disposition-rationalizing hypothesis. Over time, aggressive children with high self-esteem increasingly valued the rewards that aggression offers and belittled their victims, and avoidant children with high self-esteem increasingly viewed their mother as harassing and uninvolved. For antisocial children, high self-esteem carries costs.<p />",
language="",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01089.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01089.x"
}