@article{ref1,
title="Religious Activities, Religious Orientation, and Aggressive Behavior",
journal="Journal for the scientific study of religion",
year="2008",
author="Leach, Mark M. and Berman, Mitchell E. and Eubanks, Lea",
volume="47",
number="2",
pages="311-319",
abstract="Theorists and clinicians have long believed that religious practice may reduce aggression and other destructive behaviors. To date, most evidence for a relationship between religiosity and aggression comes from nonexperimental studies. The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold. First, to examine experimentally whether two religious practices reduce aggressive behavior; second, to determine if specific aspects of religious orientation and spiritual transcendence are related to level of aggression, expressed under controlled laboratory conditions. Sixty-two participants assigned to one of three experimental groups (memorize Bible passages, prayer/meditation, or control group) completed a laboratory task of aggression. Participants also completed religious and spirituality instruments, along with self-ratings of aggressive disposition. Results indicated that neither memorization of biblical passages nor meditation reduced aggression. Intrinsic-oriented religiosity participants self-reported lower aggression than extrinsic-oriented participants, but no differences were found on the laboratory task of aggression. Spiritual transcendence showed no behavioral aggression differences.<p />",
language="",
issn="0021-8294",
doi="10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00409.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00409.x"
}