@article{ref1,
title="Climate change as the ‘new’ security threat: implications for Africa",
journal="International affairs",
year="2007",
author="Brown, Oli and Hammill, Anne and Mcleman, Robert",
volume="83",
number="6",
pages="1141-1154",
abstract="Once it was an environmental issue, then an energy problem, now climate change is being recast as a security threat. So far, the debate has focused on creating a security ‘hook’, illustrated by anecdote, to invest climate negotiations with a greater sense of urgency. Political momentum behind the idea of climate change as a security threat has progressed quickly, even reaching the United Nations Security Council. This article reviews the linkages between climate change and security in Africa and analyses the role of climate change adaptation policies in future conflict prevention. Africa, with its history of ethnic, resource and interstate conflict, is seen by many as particularly vulnerable to this new type of security threat, despite being the continent least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions. Projected climatic changes for Africa suggest a future of increasingly scarce water, collapsing agricultural yields, encroaching desert and damaged coastal infrastructure. Such impacts, should they occur, would undermine the ‘carrying capacity’ of large parts of Africa, causing destabilizing population movements and raising tensions over dwindling strategic resources. In such cases, climate change could be a factor that tips fragile states into socio-economic and political collapse.<p />",
language="",
issn="0020-5850",
doi="10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00678.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00678.x"
}