@article{ref1,
title="An object relations approach to studying prejudice with specific reference to anti‐semitism: the long‐term use of a lethal apocalyptic projection",
journal="International journal of applied psychoanalytic studies",
year="2007",
author="Friedman, Clyde",
volume="4",
number="1",
pages="31-40",
abstract="Prejudice seems to be part of the human condition. The specific prejudice of anti-Semitism has affected Jews for at least 2300 years with, at times, horrendous consequences. What psychodynamics are operating in prejudice in general, and in the specific prejudice of antisemitism? What has caused such a small group to be targeted by such long-standing enmity? Will prejudice or antisemitism ever end or do groups need scapegoats and do the Jewish people fit the scapegoat profile? This article reviews some of the psychodynamics as described by Freud, Klein, Fairbairn, Bion, and others that make people susceptible to fear and prejudice, and to the particular prejudice of antisemitism. Mention will be made of some of the historical, religious, and sociological dynamics that contribute to antisemitism. With reference to Object Relations theory and the Apocalyptic-Messianic myth present in monotheistic religions, an explanation is suggested as to how prejudice and antisemitism become lethal on an individual and large-group scale. Hitler is referred to as a specific illustration of this phenomenon. Some case examples from the writer's clinical practice are also utilized to further illustrate the psychodynamics presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p />",
language="",
issn="1742-3341",
doi="10.1002/aps.120",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps.120"
}