@article{ref1,
title="Gendered Pathways",
journal="Criminal justice and behavior",
year="2009",
author="Van Voorhis, Patricia and Salisbury, Emily J.",
volume="36",
number="6",
pages="541-566",
abstract="Although qualitative research in the area of gender-responsive offending pathways has grown extensively, little quantitative work has been conducted. This study utilizes interview and survey data to assess various gender-responsive needs with an intake cohort of 313 women probationers. Using a path analytic approach, the study statistically supported three gendered pathways to women offenders' incarceration: (a) a pathway beginning with childhood victimization that contributed to historical and current forms of mental illness and substance abuse; (b) a relational pathway in which women's dysfunctional intimate relationships facilitated adult victimization, reductions in self-efficacy, and current mental illness and substance abuse; and (c) a social and human capital pathway in which women's challenges in the areas of education, family support, and self-efficacy, as well as relationship dysfunction, contributed to employment/financial difficulties and subsequent imprisonment. Support for such gendered pathways has implications for both criminological explanations of female offending and correctional interventions for women.<p />",
language="",
issn="0093-8548",
doi="10.1177/0093854809334076",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809334076"
}