@article{ref1,
title="An investigation of shame and guilt in a depressed sample",
journal="British journal of medical psychology",
year="1999",
author="Alexander, B. and Brewin, Chris R. and Vearnals, S. and Wolff, G. and Leff, J.",
volume="72",
number="3",
pages="323-338",
abstract="A self-report measure of proneness to shame and guilt was administered to 86 patients with moderate to severe depression, with the prediction that there would be a positive correlation of shame with severity of depression. Contrary to other, non-clinical studies, we found that guilt but not shame was associated with levels of depression. Shame-proneness demonstrated a unique association with a stable attributional style for negative outcomes, global negative self-evaluation, submissive behaviour and internalized anger. Contrary to prediction, no relationship was found between shame- or guilt-proneness and a reported history of childhood sexual abuse.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1129",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}