@article{ref1,
title="X-ray diffraction imaging--a multi-generational perspective",
journal="Applied radiation and isotopes",
year="2009",
author="Harding, G.",
volume="67",
number="2",
pages="287-295",
abstract="A brief description is given of some applications of X-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) in security screening, including detection of narcotics and a wide range of explosives: organic (plastic) explosives, liquids, home-made explosives (HMEs) and special nuclear materials (SNMs). A Bayesian formulation of the &quot;rare event scenario&quot; is presented, allowing the probability to be quantified that an unlikely threat is indeed present when an uncertain detection system raises an alarm. Granted the utility of X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a significant screening modality for false-alarm resolution, the topic of its technological feasibility is addressed. It is shown that, in analogy to computed tomography, XDI permits a significant reduction to be achieved in measurement time per object volume element (voxel) compared with that of a classical X-ray diffractometer. This reduction can be accomplished by designing the XDI system to record energy-dispersive XRD profiles from many volume elements (object voxels) in parallel. A general scheme for designing &quot;massively-parallel&quot; (MP) XDI systems is presented. XDI configurations of the first generation (1 voxels(-1)), second generation (100 voxelss(-1)) and third generation (10(4) voxelss(-1)) are presented and discussed. Three alternative 3rd Generation XDI geometries, namely: direct fan-beam; parallel (waterfall) beam; and inverse fan-beam are compared with respect to technological realization. Directions for future development of XDI in screening applications are outlined.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0969-8043",
doi="10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.08.006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.08.006"
}