@article{ref1,
title="Childhood personality predicts long-term trajectories of shyness and aggressiveness in the context of demographic transitions in emerging adulthood",
journal="Journal of personality",
year="2008",
author="Dennissen, Jaap J. A. and Asendorpf, Jens B. and van Aken, Marcel A. G.",
volume="76",
number="1",
pages="67-99",
abstract="In a 19-year longitudinal study, childhood personality characteristics (assessed by teachers at ages 4 to 6) were significantly related to both initial levels and changes in parental judgments of shyness and aggressiveness. Long-term stability was demonstrated by the fact that overcontrollers had consistently higher scores in shyness and undercontrollers in aggressiveness. However, undercontrollers' shyness and overcontrollers' aggressiveness changed over time from a low to a high level. Also, both types assumed adult social roles, such as leaving the parental home, establishing a first romantic relationship, and getting a part-time job, at a later time than the resilient participants. A mediation analysis indicated that under- and overcontrollers' increasing aggressiveness between age 17 and 23 was due to their longer latency of getting a part-time job. Together, results demonstrate the importance of considering person-environment transactions in explaining both change and stability in personality between childhood and adulthood.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3506",
doi="10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00480.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00480.x"
}