@article{ref1,
title=""Outer-directed irritability": a distinct mood syndrome in explosive youth with a disruptive behavior disorder?",
journal="Journal of clinical psychiatry",
year="2003",
author="Donovan, Stephen J. and Nunes, Edward V. and Stewart, Jonathan W. and Ross, Don and Quitkin, Frederic M. and Jensen, Peter S. and Klein, Donald F.",
volume="64",
number="6",
pages="698-701",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine whether &quot;outer-directed irritability,&quot; a mood construct from the adult literature, characterizes a subgroup of disruptive behavior disordered children and adolescents previously shown to improve on divalproex, a mood stabilizer. METHOD: A sample (N = 20) of disruptive youth (aged 10-18 years) entering a divalproex treatment study of temper and irritable mood swings was compared to normal controls (N = 18) on measures of aggression/irritability directed against others (externalizing symptoms) and on aggression/ irritability against self, anxiety, and depression (internalizing symptoms). All patients met DSM-IV criteria for a disruptive behavior disorder (oppositional defiant disorder of conduct disorder) in addition to research criteria. RESULTS: &quot;Outer-directed irritability&quot; most clearly distinguished patients from controls (effect size 4.1) and did not correlate with other mood measures. Patients and controls showed no to minimal differences on internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION: Disruptive behavior disordered children and adolescents characterized by outer-directed irritability exist, can be identified, and should be further investigated, especially since they are potentially treatable.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0160-6689",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}