@article{ref1,
title="Life course turning points: the effect of grade retention on physical aggression",
journal="Development and psychopathology",
year="2003",
author="Nagin, Daniel S. and Pagani, Linda and Tremblay, Richard E. and Vitaro, Frank",
volume="15",
number="2",
pages="343-361",
abstract="Our objective is to advance the life course analytical framework by demonstrating a model for testing two of its tenets. The first is whether the individual's developmental history conditions the response to a turning point event. The second is whether the influence of a major life event upon an individual's developmental course depends upon the timing of the event. We test both propositions in an analysis of the effect of grade retention on a child's trajectory of physical aggression. Our analysis is based on data from a longitudinal study of 1,037 boysfrom schools in the lowest socioeconomic areas in Montreal, Canada. We find clear evidence that a developmental history of physical aggression conditions the child's response to grade retention. The evidence on whether the timing of retention affects this response is less clear.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-5794",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}