@article{ref1,
title="Earned-secure attachment status in retrospect and prospect",
journal="Child development",
year="2002",
author="Roisman, Glenn L. and Padrón, Elena and Sroufe, L. Alan and Egeland, Byron",
volume="73",
number="4",
pages="1204-1219",
abstract="Past research with the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview demonstrates that retrospectively defined earned-secures (who coherently describe negative childhood experiences) parent as effectively as do continuous-secures (who coherently describe positive childhood experiences), but manifest liabilities in the form of depressive symptomatology. This article presents data from a 23-year longitudinal study that replicate and extend prior research, testing a key premise that earned-secures so defined actually have a history of insecure attachments that change over time and/or endure consistently harsh or ineffective parenting in their youth. Discrepant with assumptions, retrospective earned-secures were not more likely than continuous-secures to have been anxiously attached in infancy and were observed in childhood and adolescence to have encountered among the most supportive and structured maternal parenting in a high-risk sample. Prospectively defined earned-secures (operationalized using participants' infant attachment classifications) did indeed go on to have success in their close relationships, many without reporting relatively high levels of internalizing distress in adulthood.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}