@article{ref1,
title="CSF studies in violent offenders. II. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction without concurrent inflammation or structure degeneration",
journal="Journal of neural transmission",
year="2001",
author="Soderstrom, H. and Blennow, K. and Manhem, A. and Forsman, A.",
volume="108",
number="7",
pages="879-886",
abstract="Cerebral dysfunction without corresponding structural pathology has been reported in brain imaging studies of violent offenders. Biochemical markers in the CSF reflect various types of CNS pathology, such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction (CSF/S albumin ratio), infectious or inflammatory processes (IgG and IgM indices), neuronal or axonal degeneration (CSF-tau protein) and synaptic de- or regeneration (CSF-growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43)). We compared these CSF markers in 19 non-psychotic perpetrators of severe violent crimes undergoing pretrial forensic psychiatric investigation and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. Index subjects had significantly higher albumin ratios (p = 0.002), indicating abnormal vascular permeability as part of the complex CNS dysfunction previously reported in violent offenders. Axis I disorders, including substance abuse or current medication, did not explain this finding. Since Ig-indices, CSF-tau protein or CSF-GAP-43 were not increased, there was no support for inflammation or neuronal/synaptic degeneration as etiological factors to CNS dysfunction in this category of subjects.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0300-9564",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}